A Wed Ceremony

Assalamualaikum w.b.t

Yesterday my friends n I attended a wedding ceremony. 4 couples you! Excited-lah juge bcos lame dah rasenye tak makan nasi kenduri. On our halfway nak pergi wed ceremony tu baru I realized that I forgot to bring along my digicam! Adoii. What a waste during great day camni terlupe pule bawak camera. Then terpaksa guna my handphone's camera. I felt little bit discontent because phone's camera tu resolution die 2.0 megapix je. Tak clear sangat. But its better than nothing kan?

the brides (without theirs grooms) and us

The kenduri was held at one of the students' imarah (flat). Kenduri for gentlemans were held separatedly which venued at Dewan Persada Jazirah Al-Ward (DPJA). Menu of the day was nasi,sayur acar and the yummylicious kari daging which totally tasted like kenduri punye lauklahh. I shared my meal with Asma since we had already taken our saraplunch (sarapan + lunch) before that.

Guess what..there were a lot of crowd sampai nak masuk tengok brides pun kene tunggu turn. Makan dulu kat upper floor then baru turun balik untuk tengok brides. Fortunately we arrived a bit late. So no need to be in line to get a piece of memories by taking photos with the brides. But still kene tunggu jugaklah. The newly wed brides pun seems sort of pancit je melayan heap of cameras' flash. Well, pengantin kenelahh sporting.heheh.

I was kinda surprised by the way,becouse one of the brides tu rupenye someone that I know well! Omg, sampai hati die not to inform me that she's gonna married. I told her that if she was about to suprise me, then congratulation! she did! I tumpang happy for her wedding anyway. Alhamdulillah her jodoh sampai dulu. She told me that she want me to be the next. Hahaha. What a joke. I only replied her by Allahumma ameeennnn.

After we took some photos with the brides (dapat ambik sikit je huhu) we were all rushing balik becouse we got some stuffs to do. Overall, yesterday was one of the great day that i jot down here. Tak sabar nak balik Malaysia to attend the more real wed ceremony huhu.

p/s : kakak2 sibuk mengusik "adik2 tibb ( medic) bile lagi?".Jawab makcik..jawab.. hahah.

Physiology of Headache

Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

Someone asked me to post an entry about headache. So I did some homework about headache since we already learned Physiology of Headache during our 2nd year course. This post might relevant for the medical student rather than ordinary individuals. But I tried to simplify the words so that it wont sounds so0o medic.heheh. Enjoy the reading and may it benefits you alot!

Headache
source : 2nd year Physiology text book Mansoura U
What is headache?
Headache is a diffuse dull pain referred to the surface of the head. It results from pain signals that may arise from intracranial or extracranial sources.

Headache From Intracranial Sources

Sources:
This type of headache arises from stimulation of pain receptors in pain sensitive tissue inside the cranial cavity. These pain receptors are located in :

• The dural and intracerebral artery
• Large veins and venous sinuses
• The dura of the tentorium and at the base of the brain

In contrast, some areas of the intracranial have no pain receptors thus insensitive to pain stimulus. These areas are:

• Parenchyma of brain
• The lining of the ventricles
• The choroid plexus
• The most area of dura and pia

Stimuli:

The adequate stimuli that excite intracranial pian receptors include:

1. Pressure or traction upon the pain sensitives areas of dura
2. Inflammation or damage of these areas
3. Dilatation or distension of the dural and cerebral arteries
4. Distension of great venous sinuses
5. Inflammation or compression of cranial nerves containing pain fibres (5,7,9,10 cranial nerves)

Localization of Intracranial Headache:

1. Headache referred to the frontal,parietal and temporal region of head : caused by stimulation of pain receptors in the pain sensitive-tissues located within intracranial cavity above the tentorium including the upper surface of tentorium itself. It transmitted through the trigeminal nerve.
2. Headache referred to the occipital region : caused by stimulatin of pain receptors in the pain-sensitive tissues located within cranial cavity below the tentorium including its lower surface. It transmitted through the glossopharyngeal, vagus and the second cervical nerves.

Causes:

Clinically, the most important causes of intracranial headache are:

1. Head-Injury Headache - A post traumatic type of headache may follow head injuries. It is usually felt as a constant dull ache, which maybe localized or generalized in the head.
2. Headache of Meningitis - Inflammation of meninges including the sensitive areas of the dura and the walls of the venous sinuses, cause one of the most painful types of headache, which is commonly referred over the entire head.
3. Vascular Headache - Vascular headache could result from a variety of medical causes, including arterial hypertension. This type of headache is most probably evoked by excessive distension of intracranial arteries.
4. Migraine - Migraine is severe dull aching or throbbing headache. Attacks of classic migraine was found to be associated with dilatation of the cerebral vessels during the headache phase. It is thought that the excessive stretching of the walls of these arteries is the actual cause of pain in migraine headache.
5. Brain Tumour Headache - Intracranial tumours may cause headache owing to pressure or traction upon vascular structures or other pain-sensitive tissues inside the cranial cavity.
6. Lumbar Puncture Headache - Normally, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a fluid cushion for suppport of the brain inside the cranium. Removing more than 20-30ml of CSF from the spinal canal by lumbar puncture, often cause intense headache. Removal such quantity of the CSF decreases the amount of CSF inside the cranial cavity, which emoves the floatation of the brain that is normally provided by CSF. Therefore, the weight of the brain pulls upon and stretches the dura and the vascular srtuctures.
7. Headache Caused by Constipation - Constipation causes headache in many people. It possibly results from the effect of absorbed toxic product on intracranial pain-eliciting mechanism.
8. Fever Headache - Headache is of frequent accurence in febrile diseases, and probably results from dilatation or distension of intracranial blood vessels.
   

Headache From Extracranial Sources

Sources :

Headache from extracranial pain receptors are arise mainly from the :

• Orbit and eyeballs
• Nasal mucosa
• Facial, scalp, and neck muscles
• Teeth
• Extraocular muscles
• Paranasal sinuses
• Extracranial ear and middle ear
  

Stimuli :

The adequate stimuli that can produce extracranial headache include :

• Ischemia
• Injury
• Irritation
• Inflammation

of the pain-sensitive somatic tissues in the face,head and neck.

Type of Headache From Extracranial Sources :

1. Tension Headache : Emotional tension often causes sustained spasm of many muscles of the head especially those of the scalp and the neck muscles that are attached to the occipital region.
2. Headache Caused by Inflammation of Nasal Mucosa and Paranasal Sinuses : Such inflammation can cause headache that is referred to the retro-orbital and frontal region of the head.
3. Headache Caused by Eye Disorders : Some visual disorders characterized by difficulty in focusing the eyes to gain clear vision, which causes excessive tonic contraction of the ciliary muscles in order to increase the diopteric power of the lens. The tonic contraction of there small intraocular muscles causes retro-orbital headache.

2008 Lassie's Gathering

Assalamualaikum w.b.t

Alhamdulillah finally our final examination finished. Yippies! Overall,everything was jz fine.Alhamdulillahhhh.. Kita sudah berusaha dan ikhtiar n now the right thing to do is Tawakkal a'la Allah. May He gives us the best. Kullu najjah mumtazin.

Okay, as promised, i'll post the entry about our gathering which was held on 26th July back and venued at Hadiqah (taman). We gathered together sebab everybody seems like going back to Malaysia during this summer break. And akan balik Mansoura jz after raya. So,berkumpullah untuk kali terakhir bagi sesi 2008. Thus celebrating our kemerdekaan of 2nd year though. And the most exciting is next September we're all insyaAllah will be the 3rd year student. yeay!

Since the picture is worth thousand words, I put together pictures taken during this occasion so you can see all for yourself.

Chocolate Cake

Assalamualikum w.b.t

Yesterday, we had a splendid Lassie's Gathering untuk 2008 punye Farewell Party venued kat Hadiqah(last year Pizza Party) We were kinda panic because my whole housemate apparently were'nt informed about the party. Pagi itu baru tahu. Plus we had to bring along a potluck for each rumah and present for each person. Alahai~sangat tidak sempat nampaknye.

So I pun carik2 nak masak ape from my recipes collection. And finally we decided to bake some choc cake in lieu of our time yang sangat2 tak sempat untuk buat benda lain. Me and two of my housemates mulakanlah kerja2 membuat cake itu.

Since that was my very first self-made choc cake, I found it was so0o exciting sebab kek itu naik! wOw! So, i would like to share the secret recipe. Sangat mudah i tell you. And this recipe is credit to myresipi.com. And tidak lupa juga, this cake was totally sponsored by somebody yang IDnya perlu di rahsiakan. Terima kasih!

our choc cake

Chocolate Cake

Bahan2:

• 2 biji telur
• 1 cawan minyak masak
• 1 cawan gula pasir
• 1 cawan gula perang (takde pun tidak mengapa)

Bahan A

• 1 sudu kecil vanila
• 1 1/2 cawan susu segar perisa coklat
• 1/2 cawan air campur dgn 2 sudu kecil nescafe

Bahan B

• 2 sudu kecil sodium bicarbonate (letak sikit je pun tidak mengapa)
• 1 sudu kecil baking powder
• 1/2 cawan serbuk koko
• 2 cawan tepung gandum

Topping

Bahan A

• 1 biji telur
• 1 cawan gula

Bahan B

• 1 1/2 cawan serbuk koko
• 1 cawan minyak masak
• 2 kotak kecil susu coklat

Cara-cara membuatnya:

1. Pukul telur hingga kembang.
2. Masukkan gula dan pukul lagi. Pukul sehingga kembang.
3. Kemudian masukkan minyak masak.
4. Ayak semua bahan B dan masukkan sedikit demi sedikit ke dalam telur tadi berselang seli dengan bahan A. Gaul sehingga sebati.
5. Bakar pada suhu 170 degree selama 1 jam atau sehingga masak.
6. Untuk topping, pukul bahan A sehingga kembang. Then masukkan bahan B yang dah di campur berasingan sebelum itu. Masukkan susu coklat. Lepas tu masak atas api kecil.
   

Simple kan? Well, selamat mencuba!

A Trip to Jabal Musa (Mount Sinai)

Assalamualaikum w.b.t.

Few month back, during winter break, i happened to join a trip to Sinai which was organized by PERUBATAN. I was so ecstatic then. Probably because that was my very first visit to Sinai.And since I was here in Egypt, i've been nowhere though.huhu.

I did some homework about Sinai to make you enjoy through my journey even you arent there.

SEMENANJUNG SINAI

Semenanjung Sinai atau Sinai merupakan satu semenanjung berbentuk segitiga yang terletak di antara Laut Mediterranean (ke utara) dan Laut Merah (ke selatan), yang terletak di Mesir. Ia mempunyai keluasan sebanyak 60,000 kilometer persegi.

Gunung Sinai terletak di sebelah selatan semenanjung ini.Semenanjung Sinai (b. Arab: شبه جزيرة سيناء) adalah sebuah semenanjung berbentuk segi tiga yang terletak di Asia Barat namun menjadi bagian dari Mesir di Afrika. Daratan seluas 60.000 km² ini dibatasi oleh Laut Tengah di utara, Laut Merah di selatan, Terusan Suez di barat, dan perbatasan dengan Israel di timur laut.

Semenanjung Sinai hampir seluruhnya terdiri dari padang pasir namun ada penduduk di pesisir Sabah di Taba (dekat kota Eilat, Israel) dimana terdapat hotel dan kasino. Lebih ke selatan lagi, terdapat Nuweiba, Dahab, serta Sharm el-Sheikh. Di pesisir utara, ada penduduk di dekat Jalur Gaza yaitu di El-Arish.Gunung Sinai terletak di sebelah selatan semenanjung ini.

Gunung Sinai (juga dikenal dengan nama Jabal Musa جبل موسَى dalam bahasa Arab) adalah sebuah gunung yang terletak di Semenanjung Sinai di Mesir. Tingginya 2.285 meter dan berada di barisan pegunungan di sebelah selatan semenanjung tersebut.

Before the journey
Terusan Suez

We visited Kubu Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi which placed at Taba.We can see the meeting of 4 different countries which is Egpt, Syria, Israel and Jordan there.

Kubu Salahuddin Al-Ayubi and the meeting spot of 4 countries

At the border of Taba - Eilat City, Israel

We then spent our night at Dahab, one of the famous place among local or even foreign tourist. The best part of Dahab was the scenery. It was fantastic.

Dahab

We paid jeep to went for The Blue Hill, the oasis which placed at the middle of desert. I witnessed a part of great creation of Allah there. And the best word i could say was Subhanallah.

The Blue Hill

The next day, we continued our journey to the Mount Sinai. We dropped by at the Setting of Prophet Salleh and The Golden Calf on our way. I experienced the unta riding there. That was totally awesome!

Setting of Prophet Salleh, The Golden Calf and Unta!

We then spent overnight at cottage nearby Mount Sinai, rested and recuperated before hiking. Nearly 3 a.m we started our exploration to the top of Sinai Mountain. I took almost 3 hours to reach the top! Pheww.I felt like crying. The temperature at the peak made me suffer from frost bite.It was damn freezing cold (hyperbolanye~). I enjoyed sunrise scenery by the way.

At the top of Mount Sinai

Alhamdulillah.Thank you Allah for giving me chances to enjoy the lesson of His creations.

Physiology of Fever

FEVER

source:Physiology text book for 2nd year,Mansoura University

What is fever?

Fever is elevation of body temperature due to a resetting of hypothalamic thermostat.

What is hypothalamic thermostat?

It is the main regulator of body temperature. It is located in the hypothalamus. It adjust core temperature at set point (36.6 c -37.2 c) by controlling heat loss and heat production.

A person with a fever still regulates body temperature in respose to heat or cold but at higher set point (above 37.2 c).

What cause fever?

The most common cause of fever is infection, but physical trauma and stress can also induce fever.

Pathophysiology of thermostat resetting

Chemical messengers collectively called endogenous pyrogens (EP) are release from macrophages as well as other type of cell in the presence of infection or other fever producing stimuli.

EP circulates in the blood and reaches the brain to act upon the thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus thus altering their input to integrating center.This resets the thermostat at a new higher level.The immediate mechanism of the resetting is thr local synthesis and release of prostaglandins within the hypothalamus.

How aspirin act on reducing fever?

Aspirin always taken to reduce fever.Aspirin reduces fever by inhibiting prostaglandins synthesis thus re-resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat into its normal set point.

Body Temperature

Normal body temperature is 36.6 c to 37.2 c with absolute limit of life 20 c - 42 c.

How to measure body temperature?

Body temperature is measured by measuring body core temperature by one of three method.

1. Oral method - by measuring temperature through the mouth.This method is simple and accurate.In some condition, oral method is prevented (eg : newly born & young children, during convulsion, during coma and in mouth breathers).
2. Axillary method - by measuring temperature through axilla.It is used when nasal passages are blocked as in common cold and in unconsiousness.Axilla temperature is less than oral temperature by 0.5 c.
3. Rectal method - by measuring body temperature through rectum.It is used in infants and comatosed patients.Is is higher than oral temperature by 0.5 c.

What are benefit of fever?

• It increases production of antibodies.
• It prevents growth of certain microorganism
• It prevents growth of certai tumours